Its temperature is between 1472° to 1832° Fahrenheit resulting in a higher viscosity than mafic magma. This type of magma has a high gas and silica content. ![]() Mafic magma does not erupt explosively but it instead flows out of volcanoes and moves quickly on the surface. Its temperature is relatively high at between 1,832° and 3,632° Fahrenheit. It also has a low content of gas and viscosity. This type of magma has low silica content but higher contents of magnesium and iron. Silicon and oxygen are the most abundant geologist, therefore, define magma in terms of the silica and gas content, viscosity, and temperature. Magma contains a mixture of gases and simple elements. The formation of magma by flux melting occurs when carbon dioxide and water are added to rocks.These two compounds significantly reduce the melting point of rocks resulting in the formation of magma in places that it would have otherwise existed as igneous rocks. When the denser plate subducts below the less dense plate, hot rocks from below rises into the cooler areas above the subducting plate resulting in the formation of magma. The formation of magma by heat transfer also occurs at convergent boundaries when tectonic plates crash into each other. The liquid rocks lose heat to the surrounding rocks which also melt in the process. Magma is also created when hot liquid rock is forced from the highly pressurized core to the crust. This process of magma formation is common in divergent boundaries where the separation of tectonic plates occurs. The rocks in this section melt to form magma. The movement of the mantle creates lower pressure points that experience low melting point. The formation of magma through decompression melting involves the movement of the earth's mantle. The difference in structural formation, pressure, and temperature in the crust and the mantle allows magma to form in several ways. Magma is formed in the lower part of the crust but above the mantle. The planet is divided into three layers: the core, the mantle, and the crust. The temperature of magma is between 1,292° and 2,372° Fahrenheit. When it cools into solid, it is known as igneous rocks. When magma is ejected to the surface through volcanicity it is known as lava. Researchers also believe that magma exists on other terrestrial planets in and beyond our solar system. Magma is found below the surface of the earth. Magma is a mixture of molten and semi-molten rocks, crystallized minerals, solids, and dissolved gases.
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